Union College looking out from the library
The college had been relatively quiet in the course of the evolving Vietnam antiwar movement sweeping American academe the past several years. There had been protests on campus, but nothing on the scale of student protest at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Indiana University, or at Columbia University downriver in New York City during spring ’68. That changed on a sunny afternoon in April ’70 the Union College student body erupted along with fellow students at dozens of other colleges across the country upon hearing news that the unpopular Vietnam War that was supposed to be winding down had instead been expanded.
Hundreds of Union students marched into downtown Schenectady, an old blue-collar town near where the Mohawk River flows into the mighty Hudson River, first rallying at the gates of GE, a major war contractor, then moving on to the Selective Service office, and finally sitting down at the intersection, blocking the exit from GE’s main plant where thousands worked. It was peaceful and even had the implicit blessing of the college, which sent down sandwiches and beverages for the protestors. However, tragic events unfolded in academe in the days to come. On May 4th National Guard troops fired on a group of student demonstrators at Kent State in Ohio, killing four and wounding nine. Two days later, several students were wounded by police gunfire at the State University of NY at Buffalo, while at Jackson State College in Mississippi two students were killed and a number wounded by the State Police.
In every corner of the war-weary country America was in an uproar at the abrupt turn of events in Southeast Asia. Up until the Cambodian ‘incursion’, Nixon had been steadily downsizing our forces in Vietnam. The idea that the long, aimless war was now being extended into another country sparked widespread outrage. And yet, unknown to all but a select few in Washington, US forces had been secretly waging war against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) in Laos and Cambodia since ’65.
American strategists were well aware that the Ho Chi Minh trail, the route for troops and supplies from North Vietnam into South Vietnam, passed through the two neighboring neutral countries, neither of which was strong enough to prevent the powerful NVA from using their heavily jungled border areas. As the US escalated the Vietnam War, the NVA and its southern guerrilla force, the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (NLF), aka the Viet Cong (VC), increasingly began using Cambodian territory as sanctuary for rear area facilities. It was those bases that Nixon’s spring invasion targeted.
By that time, the US had been bombing the Laotian-Cambodian section of the Ho Chi Minh trail and the sanctuaries for several years. All the airmen in the operations were sworn to secrecy, but by ’69 there was a leak, and the White House had to inform a small group of key senators and members of the House of the classified air operations.
However, that was only part of the clandestine war in Laos and Cambodia. Not long after the first Marine combat units landed at Danang in spring ’65, the US was conducting surgical cross-border raids not just into Laos and Cambodia, but into North Vietnam as well. One of the main elite units involved was Marine Force Recon. By mid-year 1970 brother Jeff had been dead a year, succumbing to an illness which first hit him while in the bush below the DMZ in South Vietnam in ’64. But his paper, Vietnam GI survived him, and the July issue carried a scoop on Force Recon’s ops under the headline “If it’s Tuesday, this must be Laos.”
Shoulder patch of 1st Marine Force Recon
In a front page interview Marine Cpl Craig Walden of Force Recon noted the public uproar over Nixon’s Cambodian caper with irony because he was well aware US forces had been operating in the adjoining countries “for years” by 1970. He knew firsthand from his initial tour 1965-66 fighting with the 1st Force Recon, which he described as a guerrilla warfare unit specializing in infiltration and sabotage. Force Recon’s casualties in its secrets ops were extraordinarily high – out of the 240 men he had trained with only five came back.
Force Recon Marines would chopper out of Danang Air Base and drop directly into Cambodia or Laos where they’d ambush NVA units coming down the Ho Chi Minh trail. On another occasion they were dropped into Laos from where they crossed into North Vietnam above the DMZ, their objective a rail center through which the NVA fed troops and military supplies into the Ho Chi Minh trail system. The mission included eight Marines and two CIA men. The Marines blew up the rail switching station while the CIA guys photographed the results and gathered IDs, documents, and maps off the enemy dead before the group withdrew.
NVA river crossing, Cambodian border, ’66. Photo credit Li Chi Hai
To avoid a conspicuous US footprint, none of the raiders on the op carried dog tags, IDs, or personal information. Also left behind were uniforms and Marine-issued arms – Craig wore Levi’s and tennis shoes. Everyone carried a foreign-made weapon of choice, quite often the compact and very lethal Swedish K submachine gun.
On another op into North Vietnam through the adjoining countries, Force Recon’s target was a particular NVA colonel. They went in during the wee hours and shot their man with silenced weapons, but extrication was hair-raising. The rally point was a nearby soccer field where the pickup chopper could land, but as soon as it touched down, the field’s night lights suddenly went on, brightly illuminating the LZ or landing zone. The raiders began taking rifle fire, and a pack of guard dogs were unleashed. They got away clinging to the chopper’s runners with dogs snapping at their heels.
Gravely wounded during his second Vietnam tour, Craig Walden* returned to the States, and after long recuperation at Great Lakes Naval Hospital, went home to Chicago where he became part of the three-man editorial team which carried on Jeff’s Vietnam GI.
*For Craig Walden’s harrowing story, see the post titled Bad Intelligence, Sorry ‘bout That,
24 August 2011.
